Explain the constitutional principles of separation of powers and checks and balances. Explain the implications of separation of powers and checks and balances for the U.S. political system.
Essential Knowledge:
The powers allocated to Congress, the president, and the courts demonstrate the separation of powers and checks and balances features of the U.S. Constitution.
Federalist No. 51 explains how constitutional provisions of separation of powers and checks and balances control abuses by majorities.
Activity #1:
Federalist #51 - Use ASAP to analyze the document below.
Federalist #51 was part of a series of papers written to persuade state legislatures to vote in favor of adopting (ratify) the newly drafted US Constitution in 1787. James Madison, the writer of the document excerpts below, was the chief architect of the Constitution and therefore defended its design.
In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which to a certain extent is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others. ...
But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional rights of the place. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government.But it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self- defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates. The remedy for this inconveniency is to divide the legislature into different branches; and to render them, by different modes of election and different principles of action, as little connected with each other as the nature of their common functions and their common dependence on the society will admit. It may even be necessary to guard against dangerous encroachments by still further precautions.
Federalist #51 was part of a series of papers written to persuade state legislatures to vote in favor of adopting (ratify) the newly drafted US Constitution in 1787. James Madison, the writer of the document excerpts below, was the chief architect of the Constitution and therefore defended its design.
In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which to a certain extent is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others. ...
But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department, consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others. The provision for defense must in this, as in all other cases, be made commensurate to the danger of attack. Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest of the man must be connected with the constitutional rights of the place. It may be a reflection on human nature, that such devices should be necessary to control the abuses of government.But it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self- defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates. The remedy for this inconveniency is to divide the legislature into different branches; and to render them, by different modes of election and different principles of action, as little connected with each other as the nature of their common functions and their common dependence on the society will admit. It may even be necessary to guard against dangerous encroachments by still further precautions.
Once you finish, move on to
Notes and Charts:
In your notebooks, we will finish the chapter two notes and chart the differences between the Articles of Confederation and the New Federal Constitution.
Activity #2:
Log in to AP Classroom to ensure that topic quizzes 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6 are all completed.
Activity #3:
Please add define in your notebook:
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Bicameral
Bill of Rights
Homework:
Watch the EdPuzzle - Constitution Song (Completion, just watch)
Notes and Charts:
In your notebooks, we will finish the chapter two notes and chart the differences between the Articles of Confederation and the New Federal Constitution.
Activity #2:
Log in to AP Classroom to ensure that topic quizzes 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6 are all completed.
Activity #3:
Please add define in your notebook:
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Bicameral
Bill of Rights
Homework:
Watch the EdPuzzle - Constitution Song (Completion, just watch)
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